EU/US Properties Organoleptics Cosmetics Suppliers Safety Safety in use Safety references References Other Blenders Uses Occurrence Synonyms Articles Notes
 

potassium chloride
hydrochloric acid potassium salt (1:1)

Supplier Sponsors

CAS Number: 7447-40-7Picture of molecule3D/inchi
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg:231-211-8
FDA UNII: 660YQ98I10
Nikkaji Web:J3.740K
MDL:MFCD00011360
Molecular Weight:74.55030000
Formula:Cl K
BioActivity Summary:listing
NMR Predictor:Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)
Category:flavor enhancers, flavoring agents, firming agents
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Google Scholar:Search
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 FDA/DG SANTE Petitions, Reviews, Notices:
184.1622 Potassium chloride View - review
GRN 403 Carnallite sea salt (magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, salt) View - notice PDF
GRN 272 Triple salt of magnesium, ammonium, and potassium chloride, hexahydrate View - notice PDF
JECFA Food Additive: Potassium Chloride
GSFA Codex: Potassium chloride (508)
DG SANTE Food Additives:potassium chloride
FDA Mainterm (SATF):7447-40-7 ; POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
FDA Regulation:
FDA PART 150 -- FRUIT BUTTERS, JELLIES, PRESERVES, AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Fruit Butters, Jellies, Preserves, and Related Products
Sec. 150.141 Artificially sweetened fruit jelly.


FDA PART 150 -- FRUIT BUTTERS, JELLIES, PRESERVES, AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Fruit Butters, Jellies, Preserves, and Related Products
Sec. 150.161 Artificially sweetened fruit preserves and jams.


FDA PART 166 -- MARGARINE
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Margarine
Sec. 166.110 Margarine.


FDA PART 184 -- DIRECT FOOD SUBSTANCES AFFIRMED AS GENERALLY RECOGNIZED AS SAFE
Subpart B--Listing of Specific Substances Affirmed as GRAS
Sec. 184.1622 Potassium chloride.


FDA PART 201 -- LABELING
Subpart G--Specific Labeling Requirements for Specific Drug Products
Sec. 201.306 Potassium salt preparations intended for oral ingestion by man.
 
Physical Properties:
Appearance:white crystalline powder (est)
Assay: 99.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 770.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Soluble in:
 water, 3.306e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Insoluble in:
 alcohol
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor Description:at 100.00 %. odorless
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Cosmetic Information:
CosIng:cosmetic data
Cosmetic Uses: viscosity controlling agents
 
Suppliers:
American Elements
Potassium Chloride 99%
Odor: characteristic
Use: Potassium Chloride is an excellent water soluble crystalline Potassium source for uses compatible with chlorides.. Chloride compounds can conduct electricity when fused or dissolved in water. Chloride materials can be decomposed by electrolysis to chlorine gas and the metal. They are formed through various chlorination processes whereby at least one chlorine anion (Cl-) is covalently bonded to the relevant metal or cation. Ultra high purity and proprietary formulations can be prepared. The chloride ion controls fluid equilibrium and pH levels in metabolic systems. They can form either inorganic or organic compounds. Potassium Chloride is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. We also produce Potassium Chloride Solution. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.
American International Chemical, LLC.
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE FCC 40 MESH
American International Chemical, LLC.
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE USP FCC LOW LEAD
American International Chemical, LLC.
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE USP FCC POWDER 40-200 MESH
Balchem
Potassium Chloride
VitaShure®
Flavor: characteristic
Vitashure is an extensive line of microencapsulated vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and bioactive substances, specifically designed for the supplementation and fortification industries.
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
Potassium Chloride
Odor: characteristic
Use: Potassium Chloride can be used as a pH control agent, flavor enhancer, nutrient supplement, flavoring agent, thickener, and sta
Charkit Chemical
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE USP
Charkit Chemical
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
Dow Chemical
Potassium Chloride USP/ACS/EP
ECSA Chemicals
POTASSIUM CHLORID 99,9% PH.EUR/USP
ECSA TRADE THE MOST UPDATED FINANCIAL PUBLICATION ON THE WORLD OF CHEMISTRY
ECSA Chemicals
POTASSIUM CHLORID FOOD GRADE WITH ANTICAKING
ECSA Chemicals
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 3 MOL/L RPE-FOR ANALYSIS,
ECSA Chemicals
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 99% WITH ANTICAKING
ECSA Chemicals
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE RPE-ACS-ISO-FOR ANALYSIS-
ECSA Chemicals
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE RPE-ACS-ISO-FOR ANALYSIS-
ECSA Chemicals
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE RPH- PH.EUR.-USP-FU-PH.F
ECSA Chemicals
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE RPH- PH.EUR.-USP-FU-PH.F
Foodchem International
Potassium Chloride (Food Grade)
Foodchem International
Potassium Chloride(Pharmaceutical Grade)
Glentham Life Sciences
Potassium chloride, BP, Ph. Eur. grade
Glentham Life Sciences
Potassium chloride, FCC grade
Kraft Chemical
Potassium Chloride
Krunal Group
Potassium Chloride
Morton Salt
KaliSel Potassium Chloride
Flavor: characteristic
KaliSel is a quality, high purity potassium chloride widely used by the food industry as a replacement for salt and as a taste enhancer, processing agent, stabilizer, gelling agent or preservative. It is used in the production of a broad range of products including meats, soups, sauces, snacks, dairy, prepared meals, sides, bread and baked goods. Three granulation sizes are available, including a fine-screened potassium chloride.
Morton Salt
Morton® Lite Salt™ Mixture
Flavor: characteristic
Launched in 1973, Morton® Lite Salt™ Mixture is a proven performer for manufacturers looking to reduce sodium content in processed foods. Morton® Lite Salt™ Mixture is a blend of equal parts of high-purity, food grade, granular sodium chloride and potassium chloride. It imparts a similar degree of saltiness and functionality as common salt while contributing only half the sodium.
Morton Salt
Morton® USP Potassium Chloride
Flavor: characteristic
A purified grade of granular potassium chloride refined to meet United States Pharmacopeia and Food Chemicals Codex Standards. The crystals are cubical in form, white to translucent in appearance and odorless.
Penta International
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE GRANULAR
Penta International
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE POWDER
Prinova
Modified Potassium Chloride
Sigma-Aldrich
For experimental / research use only.
Potassium Chloride BioXtra, ≥99.0%
Wedor Corporation
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
 
Safety Information:
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-rat LD50 2600 mg/kg
Institut Pro Vychovu Vedoucicn Pracovniku Chemickeho Prumyclu Praha, Czechoslovakia, 1972Vol. -, Pg. 8, 1972.

intraarterial-guinea pig LDLo 130 mg/kg
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 131, Pg. 171, 1928.

intraperitoneal-guinea pig LDLo 900 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY (SPECIFIC ASSAY) BEHAVIORAL: COMA LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 35, Pg. 1, 1929.

intravenous-guinea pig LDLo 77 mg/kg
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 131, Pg. 171, 1928.

oral-guinea pig LDLo 2500 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: COMA BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY (SPECIFIC ASSAY) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 35, Pg. 1, 1929.

parenteral-guinea pig LDLo 40 mg/kg
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 131, Pg. 171, 1928.

oral-man LDLo 20 mg/kg
GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING CARDIAC: ARRHYTHMIAS (INCLUDING CHANGES IN CONDUCTION) BLOOD: CHANGE IN CLOTTING FACTORS
Lancet. Vol. 2, Pg. 919, 1980.

intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 620 mg/kg
Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances, Academie des Sciences. Vol. 256, Pg. 1043, 1963.

intravenous-mouse LD50 117 mg/kg
European Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene. Vol. 8, Pg. 188, 1975.

oral-mouse LD50 1500 mg/kg
Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. Vol. 21, Pg. 257, 1990.

intraperitoneal-rat LD50 660 mg/kg
Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 3, Pg. 597, 1965.

intravenous-rat LD50 142 mg/kg
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 14, Pg. 1128, 1964.

oral-rat LD50 2600 mg/kg
"Sbornik Vysledku Toxixologickeho Vysetreni Latek A Pripravku," Marhold, J.V., Institut Pro Vychovu Vedoucicn Pracovniku Chemickeho Prumyclu Praha, Czechoslovakia, 1972Vol. -, Pg. 8, 1972.

Dermal Toxicity:
subcutaneous-frog LDLo 2120 mg/kg
"Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1289, 1935.

subcutaneous-guinea pig LDLo 2550 mg/kg
"Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1289, 1935.

Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
flavor enhancers, flavoring agents, firming agents
Recommendation for potassium chloride usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
 
Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Re-evaluation of hydrochloric acid (E 507), potassium chloride (E 508), calcium chloride (E 509) and magnesium chloride (E 511) as food additives
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
ClinicalTrials.gov:search
Daily Med:search
NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards:search
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
Carcinogenic Potency Database:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):7447-40-7
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :4873
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:1
potassium chloride
Chemidplus:0007447407
EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials
RTECS:7447-40-7
 
References:
 potassium chloride
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:7447-40-7
Pubchem (cid):4873
Pubchem (sid):134988847
 
Other Information:
(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):View
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
KEGG (GenomeNet):D02060
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):Search
FooDB:FDB015439
Export Tariff Code:3104.20.0000
FDA Listing of Food Additive Status:View
Wikipedia:View
Formulations/Preparations:
•it is available in uniformly fine particle size for liq suspensions and in std, coarse, and granular sizes for granulating processes and bulk blending. fertilizer grade kcl is 60 to 62% potassium oxide. •potassium chloride injection, usp, is a sterile soln of kcl in water. it is usually marketed as 7.5% (1 meqml), 15% (2 meqml) or 22.5% (3 meqml) soln in 10-, 20-, or 30-ml ampuls. •grades: chemical (99.5 & 99.9%); agricultural grades sold as 60-62%, 48-52% & 22% k20; single crystals; usp; fcc. •parenteral: for injection concentrate: 1.5 meq of k+ and cl- per ml potassium chloride for injection concentrate, (hospira); 2 meq of k+ and cl- per ml 2 meq of k+ and cl- per ml pharmacy bulk package, potassium chloride for injection concentrate, (american pharmaceutical partners), potassium chloride for injection concentrate, (baxte)r, potassium chloride for injection concentrate, (braun), potassium chloride for injection concentrate, (hospira). for injection concentrate, for iv infusion 0.1 meq of k+ and cl- per ml (10 meq) potassium chloride for injection concentrate, (hospira), potassium chloride injection highly concentrated (viaflex), (baxter), 0.2 meq of k+ and cl- per ml (10 and 20 meq) potassium chloride injection highly concentrated (viaflex), (baxter); 0.3 meq of k+ and cl- per ml (30 meq) potassium chloride injection highly concentrated (viaflex), (baxter); 0.4 meq of k+ and cl- per ml (20 and 40 meq) potassium chloride injection highly concentrated (viaflex), (baxter). •oral: capsules, extended-release: 8 meq of k+ and cl- micro-k, (ther-rx), potassium chloride extended-release capsules, (ethex); 10 meq of k+ and cl- micro-k, (ther-rx). for solution: 20 meq of k+ and cl- per packet k+ care, (alra), k-lor, (abbott), kay ciel (sugar-free), (forest), klor-con powder (sugar-free), (upsher-smith); 25 meq of k+ and cl- per packet klor-con25 powder (sugar-free), (upsher-smith). solution 6:.7 meq of k+5 ml and cl-5 ml kaochlor 10% ( with alcohol 5% and tartrazine), (savage), kay ciel ( with alcohol 4% and parabens; sugar-free), (forest); 10 meq of k+5 ml and cl-5 ml rum-k (sugar-free), (fleming); 13.3 meq of k+5 ml and cl-5 ml kaon-cl 20% elixir ( with alcohol 5%; sugar-free), (savage). tablets, extended-release: 8 meq of k+ and cl- potassium chloride extended release tablets, (major, united research), slow-k (with parabens and povidone), (novartis), 10 meq of k+ and cl- kaon-cl-10, (savage). tablets, extended-release (containing coated potassium chloride crystals) 10 meq of k+ and cl- k-dur (key), 20 meq of k+ and cl- k-dur 20 (scored), (key). tablets, extended-release, film-coated: 8 meq of k+ and cl-* k+ 8, (alra), klor-con 8 ( with propylene glycol), (upsher-smith), potassium chloride extended release tablets, (major), potassium chloride extended release tablets, (teva) 10 meq of k+ and cl-* k+ 10 alra klor-con 10 ( with propylene glycol), (upsher-smith), klotrix ( with povidone), (bristol-myers squibb), k-tab filmtab, (abbott), potassium chloride extended release tablets, (major), potassium chloride extended release tablets, (teva), potassium chloride extended release tablets, (united research) tablets, film-coated 2.5 meq of k+ and cl- potassium chloride tablets, (western research) 10 meq k+ and ci- potassium chloride tablets, (western research) •pure kcl-95 wt% kcl equivalent •fertilizer grade is 95-96% kcl and is available in three sizes; standard, coarse and granular. chemical or industrial grades are available in soluble grade 99% kcl, and chemical grade 99.9% kcl •typical analyses: industrial grade: kcl 99.0-99.5%, nacl 0.8-0.3%; chemical grade: kcl 99.8-99.9%, nacl 0.05-0.03%
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
None Found
 
Potential Uses:
 viscosity controlling agents
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 not found in nature
 
Synonyms:
 chloride of potash
 diffu-K
 dipotassium dichloride
 duffi-K
 durules-K
 hydrochloric acid potassium salt (1:1)
 kelp salt
 lento-K
 leo-K
 micro-K
modified potassium chloride
 potassium chloride granular
 potassium chloride powder
 potassium chloride USP FCC low lead
 potassium chloride USP FCC powder
 potassium monochloride
 potassium muriate
 repone K
 repone-K
 sando-K
 span-K
 suprasel sodium reduced salt
 ten-K
 tripotassium trichloride
 

Articles:

PubMed:The effect of partial substitution of NaCl with KCl on the physicochemical, microbiological and sensory properties of Akkawi cheese.
PubMed:Physico-chemical and sensory attributes of low-sodium restructured caiman steaks containing microbial transglutaminase and salt replacers.
PubMed:The effect of sodium reduction with and without potassium chloride on the survival of Listeria monocytogenes in Cheddar cheese.
PubMed:Salt reduction in vegetable fermentation: reality or desire?
PubMed:Use of potassium chloride and flavor enhancers in low sodium Cheddar cheese.
PubMed:(-)-Carvone: antispasmodic effect and mode of action.
PubMed:Genetic analysis of chemosensory traits in human twins.
PubMed:Manufacture of reduced-sodium Cheddar-style cheese with mineral salt replacers.
PubMed:Saltiness enhancement by savory aroma compounds.
PubMed:Lysine, disodium guanylate and disodium inosinate as flavor enhancers in low-sodium fermented sausages.
PubMed:Reducing sodium levels in frankfurters using a natural flavor enhancer.
PubMed:Low-sodium meat products: retaining salty taste for sweet health.
PubMed:Physico-chemical and sensory properties of reduced-fat mortadella prepared with blends of calcium, magnesium and potassium chloride as partial substitutes for sodium chloride.
PubMed:Influence of partial replacement of NaCl with KCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 on lipolysis and lipid oxidation in dry-cured ham.
PubMed:[Food processing industry--the salt shock to the consumers].
PubMed:Vanilloid flavor for a good appetite?
PubMed:Interactions of flavor compounds with pectic substances.
PubMed:Effect of an allostatic modulator on stress blood indicators and meat quality of commercial young bulls in Mexico.
PubMed:Is There a Potential Consumer Market for Low-Sodium Fermented Sausages?
PubMed:Clarification of pomegranate juice with chitosan: Changes on quality characteristics during storage.
PubMed:Tolerance response of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica strains to habituation to Origanum vulgare L. essential oil.
PubMed:Characterization of crystalline structures in Opuntia ficus-indica.
PubMed:Control of thermal fabrication and size of β-lactoglobulin-based microgels and their potential applications.
PubMed:Influence of partial replacement of NaCl with KCl on profiles of volatile compounds in dry-cured bacon during processing.
PubMed:Microencapsulation of xylitol by double emulsion followed by complex coacervation.
PubMed:Sodium aspartate as a specific enhancer of salty taste perception-sodium aspartate is a possible candidate to decrease excessive intake of dietary salt.
PubMed:Occurrence of anisakid nematode larvae in chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) caught off Korea.
PubMed:Brilliant blue FCF as an alternative dye for saphenous vein graft marking: effect on conduit function.
PubMed:Effects of NaCl concentration and potassium chloride substitutions on the thermal properties and lipid oxidation of dry-cured pork.
PubMed:The effect of partial substitution of NaCl with KCl on the physicochemical, microbiological and sensory properties of Akkawi cheese.
PubMed:Studies on preparation of medium fat liquid dairy whitener from buffalo milk employing ultrafiltration process.
PubMed:Effects of NaCl substitution on the sensory properties of sausages: temporal aspects.
PubMed:Salty taste deficits in CALHM1 knockout mice.
PubMed:Partial sodium replacement in tilapia steak without loss of acceptability.
PubMed:Castanea sativa Mill. extract contracts gallbladder and relaxes sphincter of Oddi in guinea pig: a natural approach to biliary tract motility disorders.
PubMed:Innovative nondestructive measurements of water activity and the content of salts in low-salt hake minces.
PubMed:Arginine vasopressin regulated ASCT1 expression in astrocytes from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats and congenic SHRpch1_18 rats.
PubMed:Exploring associations between taste perception, oral anatomy and polymorphisms in the carbonic anhydrase (gustin) gene CA6.
PubMed:Potassium chloride for injection concentrate: time for a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy.
PubMed:Drugs and the death penalty.
PubMed:Inhibitory activity of carbonyl compounds on alcoholic fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
PubMed:Proteolysis and sensory properties of dry-cured bacon as affected by the partial substitution of sodium chloride with potassium chloride.
PubMed:Implication of potassium on the quality of cherry tomato fruits after postharvest during cold storage.
PubMed:Salinity source-induced changes in yield, mineral composition, phenolic acids and flavonoids in leaves of artichoke and cardoon grown in floating system.
PubMed:Physico-chemical and sensory attributes of low-sodium restructured caiman steaks containing microbial transglutaminase and salt replacers.
PubMed:Salt reduction in vegetable fermentation: reality or desire?
PubMed:Attenuation of lithium-induced natriuresis and kaliuresis in P2Y₂ receptor knockout mice.
PubMed:Salt equivalence and temporal dominance of sensations of different sodium chloride substitutes in butter.
PubMed:A solid-phase microextraction fiber with carbon nanoparticles as sorbent material prepared by a simple flame-based preparation process.
PubMed:Storage stability of low-fat sodium reduced fresh merguez sausage prepared with olive oil in konjac gel matrix.
PubMed:Effect of pH, salt and chemical rinses on bacterial attachment to extracellular matrix proteins.
PubMed:Study of the effect of surfactants on extraction and determination of polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of fruits extracts.
PubMed:Use of potassium chloride and flavor enhancers in low sodium Cheddar cheese.
PubMed:Characterising protein, salt and water interactions with combined vibrational spectroscopic techniques.
PubMed:Mineral and sensory profile of seasoned cracked olives packed in diverse salt mixtures.
PubMed:Salt reduction in slow fermented sausages affects the generation of aroma active compounds.
PubMed:Effect of salt reduction on growth of Listeria monocytogenes in meat and poultry systems.
PubMed:A putative role for TIP and PIP aquaporins in dynamics of leaf hydraulic and stomatal conductances in grapevine under water stress and re-watering.
PubMed:[Determination of residues of pesticides and veterinary drugs in milk by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry].
PubMed:Reverse micelles-mediated transport of lipase in liquid emulsion membrane for downstream processing.
PubMed:Effect of partial NaCl substitution with KCl on the texture profile, microstructure, and sensory properties of low-moisture mozzarella cheese.
PubMed:Hyperosmotic stress response of Campylobacter jejuni.
PubMed:Pancreatic polypeptide and peptide YY3-36 induce Ca2+ signaling in nodose ganglion neurons.
PubMed:The effect of NaCl substitution with KCl on Akawi cheese: chemical composition, proteolysis, angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitory activity, probiotic survival, texture profile, and sensory properties.
PubMed:Taste properties of potassium chloride alone and in mixtures with sodium chloride using a check-all-that-apply method.
PubMed:Incorporation of Lactobacillus casei in Iranian ultrafiltered Feta cheese made by partial replacement of NaCl with KCl.
PubMed:The impact of NaCl substitution with KCl on proteinase activities cell-free extract and cell-free supernatant at different pH levels and salt concentrations: Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus.
PubMed:Retrograded starches as potential anodes in lithium-ion rechargeable batteries.
PubMed:Lysine, disodium guanylate and disodium inosinate as flavor enhancers in low-sodium fermented sausages.
PubMed:The effect of substitution of sodium chloride with potassium chloride on the physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory properties of Halloumi cheese.
PubMed:Reducing sodium levels in frankfurters using a natural flavor enhancer.
PubMed:Reducing sodium levels in frankfurters using naturally brewed soy sauce.
PubMed:Novel treatment targets for cerebral edema.
PubMed:Sildenafil reduces polyuria in rats with lithium-induced NDI.
PubMed:Low-sodium meat products: retaining salty taste for sweet health.
PubMed:Optimization of culture medium for enhanced production of exopolysaccharide from Aureobasidium pullulans.
PubMed:Enhanced sucrose and cocaine self-administration and cue-induced drug seeking after loss of VGLUT2 in midbrain dopamine neurons in mice.
PubMed:Biochemical and sensory changes in dry-cured ham salted with partial replacements of NaCl by other chloride salts.
PubMed:Determining salt concentrations for equivalent water activity in reduced-sodium cheese by use of a model system.
PubMed:Cinnamaldehyde protects from the hypertension associated with diabetes.
PubMed:Monitoring protein structural changes and hydration in bovine meat tissue due to salt substitutes by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy.
PubMed:Proteolysis of low-moisture Mozzarella cheese as affected by substitution of NaCl with KCl.
PubMed:The effect of substitution of NaCl with KCl on chemical composition and functional properties of low-moisture Mozzarella cheese.
PubMed:Comparing nonsynergy gamma models and interaction models to predict growth of emetic Bacillus cereus for combinations of pH and water activity values.
PubMed:Physico-chemical and sensory properties of reduced-fat mortadella prepared with blends of calcium, magnesium and potassium chloride as partial substitutes for sodium chloride.
PubMed:The effect of substituting NaCl with KCl on Nabulsi cheese: chemical composition, total viable count, and texture profile.
PubMed:Manufacture of low-sodium Minas fresh cheese: effect of the partial replacement of sodium chloride with potassium chloride.
PubMed:Kinetic analysis of E. coli inactivation by high hydrostatic pressure with salts.
PubMed:Influence of partial replacement of NaCl with KCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 on lipolysis and lipid oxidation in dry-cured ham.
PubMed:Impact of ultrafiltration membrane material on Peptide separation from a snow crab byproduct hydrolysate by electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membranes.
PubMed:The effects of olive oil emulsified alginate on the physico-chemical, sensory, microbial, and fatty acid profiles of low-salt, inulin-enriched sausages.
PubMed:Evaluation of 2 methods for sodium intake assessment in cardiac patients with and without heart failure: the confounding effect of loop diuretics.
PubMed:The effect of sodium chloride substitution with potassium chloride on texture profile and microstructure of Halloumi cheese.
PubMed:The effect of yeast extract addition on quality of fermented sausages at low NaCl content.
PubMed:Application of lysine, taurine, disodium inosinate and disodium guanylate in fermented cooked sausages with 50% replacement of NaCl by KCl.
PubMed:Studies on the mechanism of antihypertensive action by nicotianamine.
PubMed:Effect of partial substitution of NaCl with KCl on Halloumi cheese during storage: chemical composition, lactic bacterial count, and organic acids production.
PubMed:[Food processing industry--the salt shock to the consumers].
PubMed:Effect of NaCl reduction and replacement on the growth of fungi important to the spoilage of bread.
PubMed:Stop Fitan: antispasmodic effect of natural extract of chestnut wood in guinea pig ileum and proximal colon smooth muscle.
PubMed:Inhibition of the Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Cotransporter Isoform-1 reduces glioma invasion.
PubMed:Chloride salt type/ionic strength and refrigeration effects on antioxidant enzymes and lipid oxidation in cattle, camel and chicken meat.
PubMed:Effect of disaccharides on ion properties in milk-based systems.
PubMed:Genome shuffling of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii to accelerate and enhance the flavour formation of soy sauce.
PubMed:Fermentation profiles of Manzanilla-Aloreña cracked green table olives in different chloride salt mixtures.
PubMed:Determination of individual homologues and total content of benzalkonium chloride by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using a short butyl column.
PubMed:[Safety Assessment regarding use of glucosamine sulfate by patients whose dietary potassium intake is restricted].
PubMed:[Microbiological changes in edam type cheese, brined in a mixture of sodium and potassium chlorides during the ripening process].
PubMed:Off-label use of cardiovascular medications in children hospitalized with congenital and acquired heart disease.
PubMed:Susceptibility to stress in young rats after 2-week zinc deprivation.
PubMed:Effect of different concentrations of calcium chloride and potassium chloride on egg white proteins during isoelectric precipitation of ovomucin.
PubMed:Rosiglitazone prevents sirolimus-induced hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia, and downregulation of NKCC2 protein expression.
PubMed:Deficits of mesolimbic dopamine neurotransmission in rat dietary obesity.
PubMed:Use of a D-optimal mixture design to estimate the effects of diverse chloride salts on the growth parameters of Lactobacillus pentosus.
PubMed:Effects of sodium depletion on detection thresholds for salty taste in rats.
PubMed:Hormonal modulation of amino acid neurotransmitter metabolism in the arcuate nucleus of the adult female rat: a novel action of estradiol.
PubMed:Strategy to inactivate Clostridium perfringens spores in meat products.
PubMed:Sugar receptor response of the food-canal taste sensilla in a nectar-feeding swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus.
PubMed:[Gustatory sensitivity to sodium chloride and potassium chloride and certain parameters of sodium metabolism in patients with bronchial asthma].
PubMed:Growth of halotolerant food spoiling yeast Debaryomyces nepalensis NCYC 3413 under the influence of pH and salt.
PubMed:The effects of a reduced-sodium, high-potassium salt substitute on food taste and acceptability in rural northern China.
PubMed:Individual effects of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium chloride salts on Lactobacillus pentosus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth.
PubMed:Investigation of acute effects of aflatoxin on rat proximal and distal colon spontaneous contractions.
PubMed:Extraction of up to 95% of wheat (Triticum aestivum) flour protein using warm sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) without reduction or sonication.
PubMed:Partial substitution of sodium with potassium in white bread: feasibility and bioavailability.
PubMed:Hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis in a patient with a laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding.
PubMed:Effects of adlay hull extracts on uterine contraction and Ca2+ mobilization in the rat.
PubMed:Oral potassium supplementation in surgical patients.
PubMed:A pilot study of potassium supplementation in the treatment of hypokalemic patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.
PubMed:Comparing the antimicrobial effectiveness of NaCl and KCl with a view to salt/sodium replacement.
PubMed:Licking for taste solutions by potassium-deprived rats: specificity and mechanisms.
PubMed:Evidence for two populations of bitter responsive taste cells in mice.
PubMed:Clostridium perfringens spore germination: characterization of germinants and their receptors.
PubMed:Application of reverse micelle extraction process for amylase recovery using response surface methodology.
PubMed:[Zinc and copper content in individual components used to prepare pediatric total nutrition mixtures].
PubMed:[Mineral elements in diet of pregnant and breast-feeding women. Part I. Macro minerals: calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chloride].
PubMed:The concomitant prescribing of ethinyl estradiol/drospirenone and potentially interacting drugs.
PubMed:Nonstarter Lactobacillus strains as adjunct cultures for cheese making: in vitro characterization and performance in two model cheeses.
PubMed:Effects of fully and partial substitution of NaCl by KCl on physico-chemical and sensory properties of white pickled cheese.
PubMed:Polyuria of thyrotoxicosis: downregulation of aquaporin water channels and increased solute excretion.
PubMed:Notes from the CKD kitchen: a variety of salt-free seasonings.
PubMed:Osmoregulation of leaf motor cells.
PubMed:Effects of plant food potassium salts (citrate, galacturonate or tartrate) on acid-base status and digestive fermentations in rats.
PubMed:One-trial conditioned taste aversion in Lymnaea: good and poor performers in long-term memory acquisition.
PubMed:Influence of model melanoidins on calcium-dependent transport mechanisms in smooth muscle tissue.
PubMed:Effect of NaCl and KCl on fate and growth/no growth interfaces of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A at different pH and nisin concentrations.
PubMed:Characteristics of urine sodium and potassium after oral ingestion of solutions containing sodium and potassium which is isotonic to the physiological saline--a quantitative study.
PubMed:Folding transition of DNA depending on ionic environments.
PubMed:Classification of torasemide based on the Biopharmaceutics Classification System and evaluation of the FDA biowaiver provision for generic products of CLASS I drugs.
PubMed:Control of Alternaria alternata by cassia oil in combination with potassium chloride or sodium chloride.
PubMed:Analysis of double stranded DNA-dependent activities of Deinococcus radiodurans RecA protein.
PubMed:Cloning and characterization of dihydrofolate reductase from a facultative alkaliphilic and halotolerant bacillus strain.
PubMed:Reducing salt: A challenge for the meat industry.
PubMed:Electromigration of chitosan D-glucosamine and oligomers in dilute aqueous solutions.
PubMed:Effect of stabilizers on the shelf-life of Penicillium frequentans conidia and their efficacy as a biological agent against peach brown rot.
PubMed:NaPi-mediated transcellular permeation is the dominant route in intestinal inorganic phosphate absorption in rats.
PubMed:The Acetic Acid Tolerance Response induces cross-protection to salt stress in Salmonella typhimurium.
PubMed:Photolytic degradation of organic azo dye in aqueous solution using Xe-excimer lamp.
PubMed:Role of Rho-kinase in guinea-pig gallbladder smooth muscle contraction.
PubMed:Characteristics of (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin transport across pig intestinal brush border membranes.
PubMed:The neurotransmitters glycine and GABA stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 release from the GLUTag cell line.
PubMed:Reversal of cardiac dysfunction by selective ET-A receptor antagonism.
PubMed:Effect of potassium salts in rats adapted to an acidogenic high-sulfur amino acid diet.
PubMed:Potassium deposition during and after hypokinesia in potassium supplemented and unsupplemented rats.
PubMed:Reduced constrictor reactivity balances impaired vasodilation in the mesenteric circulation of the obese Zucker rat.
PubMed:Hippocalcin-deficient mice display a defect in cAMP response element-binding protein activation associated with impaired spatial and associative memory.
PubMed:Severe hypokalaemic paralysis and rhabdomyolysis due to ingestion of liquorice.
PubMed:Influence of κ-carrageenan on the thermal gelation of salt-soluble meat proteins.
PubMed:Effects of fasting, leptin, and insulin on AGRP and POMC peptide release in the hypothalamus.
PubMed:[Determination of clenbuterol in biological samples by high performance liquid chromatography with in series ultraviolet and electrochemical detection].
PubMed:Fat and sodium chloride reduction in sausages using kappa-carrageenan and other salts.
PubMed:Effect of flavonoids on stress responses in myotube cultures.
PubMed:[Role of nitric oxide in the NKCC2 hyperactivity of Dahl "salt-sensitive" rats].
PubMed:Effect of concentration on taste-taste interactions in foods for elderly and young subjects.
PubMed:Suppressive effect of Saiko-ka-ryukotsu-borei-to, a herbal medicine, on excessive release of glutamate in the hippocampus.
PubMed:Synergistic interactions between the genetically modified bacterial polysaccharide P2 and carob or konjac mannan.
PubMed:Application of central composite design and response surface methodology to the fermentation of olive juice by Lactobacillus plantarum and Debaryomyces hansenii.
PubMed:Determination of the mycotoxin fumonisin B1 in maize by reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography: a collaborative study.
PubMed:Effect of a(w), controlled by the addition of solutes or by water content, on the growth of Listeria innocua in broth and in a gelatine model.
PubMed:Accurate determination of oosporein in fungal culture broth by differential pulse polarography.
PubMed:Gas chromatographic method for putrescine and cadaverine in shrimp.
PubMed:Monovalent salt-induced gelation of enzymatically deesterified pectin.
PubMed:Toxicity and carcinogenicity of acidogenic or alkalogenic diets in rats; effects of feeding NH(4)Cl, KHCO(3) or KCl.
PubMed:Chemosensory tuning to a host recognition cue in the facultative specialist larvae of the moth Manduca sexta.
PubMed:Status of free radicals in Indian monsooned coffee beans gamma-irradiated for disinfestation.
PubMed:Preferential transport of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in variably saturated subsurface environments.
PubMed:A flow-cytometric gram-staining technique for milk-associated bacteria.
PubMed:Optimization of solid phase microextraction analysis for the headspace volatile compounds of parmesan cheese.
PubMed:Effect of molecular structure on the conductivity of amorphous carbohydrate-water-KCl mixtures in the supercooled liquid state.
PubMed:Reverse pharmacological effect of loop diuretics and altered rBSC1 expression in rats with lithium nephropathy.
PubMed:Effects of type of added salt and ionic strength on physicochemical and functional properties of casein isolates produced by electroacidification.
PubMed:Effect of salts on the functional properties of benniseed (Sesamum radiatum) seed flour.
PubMed:Microstructure of aggregated and nonaggregated kappa-carrageenan helices visualized by atomic force microscopy.
PubMed:Swelling behavior of the tomato cell wall network.
PubMed:Modulation of the multisubstrate specificity of Thermus maltogenic amylase by truncation of the N-terminal domain and by a salt-induced shift of the monomer/dimer equilibrium.
PubMed:Evidence for a tetrameric form of iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) polyphenol oxidase: purification and characterization.
PubMed:Taste perception with age: generic or specific losses in threshold sensitivity to the five basic tastes?
PubMed:Occurrence of ochratoxin A in black pepper, coriander, ginger and turmeric in India.
PubMed:Clenbuterol ingestion causing prolonged tachycardia, hypokalemia, and hypophosphatemia with confirmation by quantitative levels.
PubMed:Effect of added salt and increase in ionic strength on skim milk electroacidification performances.
PubMed:Investigating the molecular heterogeneity of polysorbate emulsifiers by MALDI-TOF MS.
PubMed:On the structure of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenans.
PubMed:Cortical spreading depression during streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemia in nutritionally normal and early-malnourished rats.
PubMed:Thresholds for sweet, salt, and sour taste stimuli in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus).
PubMed:Upregulation of the secretory-type Na(+)/K(+)/2Cl(-)-cotransporter in the kidney by metabolic acidosis and dehydration in rats.
PubMed:Stimulation of Cl(-) secretion by L-alanine oligopeptides in the mammalian large intestine.
PubMed:Food deprivation increases alpha(2)-adrenoceptor-mediated modulation of jejunal epithelial transport in young and adult rats.
PubMed:Altered expression of renal AQPs and Na(+) transporters in rats with lithium-induced NDI.
PubMed:A DSC study on the gel-sol transition of a starch and hsian-tsao leaf gum mixed system.
PubMed:Influence of halogen salts on the production of the ochratoxins by Aspergillus ochraceus Wilh.
PubMed:Influence of calcium, magnesium, or potassium ions on the formation and stability of emulsions prepared using highly hydrolyzed whey proteins.
PubMed:Postingestive chemosensation and feeding by leeches.
PubMed:Influence of partial replacement of NaCl with KCl and CaCl(2) on texture and color of dry fermented sausages.
PubMed:High dietary potassium chloride intake augments rat renal mineralocorticoid receptor selectivity via 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.
PubMed:Optimization and validation of a minicolumn method for determining aflatoxins in copra meal.
PubMed:Stimulation of cell division in the rat by NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, and CaCl2, and inhibition of the sodium chloride effect on the glandular stomach by ascorbic acid and beta-carotene.
PubMed:Age-related changes in adenosine 5'-triphosphate-induced constriction of isolated, perfused mesenteric arteries of rats.
PubMed:Cardiovascular effects of captopril and enalapril in obese Zucker rats.
PubMed:Changes in the regulation by endothelium of norepinephrine response in isolated, perfused mesenteric vascular bed of rats at different ages.
PubMed:Preparation of phosphopeptides derived from alpha s-casein and beta-casein using immobilized glutamic acid-specific endopeptidase and characterization of their calcium binding.
PubMed:Copper doped alkali halides for computed radiography and digital imaging.
PubMed:Effect of ionizing radiation on the release of cholecystokinin in the hypothalamus of the rat.
PubMed:Physicochemical alterations enhance the ability of dairy strains of lactic acid bacteria to remove aflatoxin from contaminated media.
PubMed:Effects of pH or a(w) stress on growth of Listeria monocytogenes.
PubMed:Electroneutral Na-coupled cotransporter expression in the kidney during variations of NaCl and water metabolism.
PubMed:Inhibition of insulin secretion by leptin in normal rodent islets of Langerhans.
PubMed:Influence of dietary salts on the cardiovascular effects of low-dose combination of ramipril and felodipine in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
PubMed:Physiological regulation of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y release in lean and obese rats.
PubMed:The effects of L-arginine on neointimal formation and vascular function following balloon injury in heritable hyperlipidaemic rabbits.
PubMed:Effect of administered potassium on the renin-aldosterone axis in young blacks compared with whites.
PubMed:Dietary magnesium supplementation ameliorates anemia in a mouse model of beta-thalassemia.
PubMed:Modified cow's milk formula with reduced renal acid load preventing incipient late metabolic acidosis in premature infants.
PubMed:Dietary mixtures of sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, and potassium chloride: effects on lactational performance, acid-base status, and mineral metabolism of Holstein cows.
PubMed:Cardiovascular effects of a low-dose combination of ramipril and felodipine in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
PubMed:Linear polymerization caused by the defective folding of a non-inhibitory serpin ovalbumin.
PubMed:Mycotoxins in ingredients of animal feeding stuffs: I. Determination of Alternaria mycotoxins in oilseed rape meal and sunflower seed meal.
PubMed:Oral rehydration therapy--a dental perspective.
PubMed:Mannitol, a novel bacterial compatible solute in Pseudomonas putida S12.
PubMed:Dexamethasone rapidly increases hypothalamic neuropeptide Y secretion in adrenalectomized ob/ob mice.
PubMed:Mixed iota-kappa carrageenan gels.
PubMed:Combinations of potassium, calcium, and magnesium supplements in hypertension.
PubMed:Environmental pollutants alter taste responses in the gerbil.
PubMed:Alanine- and glucose-based hypo-osmolar oral rehydration solution in infants with persistent diarrhoea: a controlled trial.
PubMed:Sodium intake linked to amiloride-sensitive gustatory transduction in C57BL/6J and 129/J mice.
PubMed:Ontogeny of the ionic specificity of sodium appetite in the rat pup.
PubMed:Determination of bromate in bread by capillary gas chromatography with a mass detector (GC/MS).
PubMed:[The diagnosis of mycotoxin hepatitis in swine].
PubMed:Mechanisms underlying the insulinostatic effect of peptide YY in mouse pancreatic islets.
PubMed:Voluntary intake of calcium and other minerals by rats.
PubMed:Incretin hormones regulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion in RIN 1046-38 cells: mechanisms of action.
PubMed:Anorectic effects of estrogen may be mediated by decreased neuropeptide-Y release in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.
PubMed:Treatment of acute diarrhea with oral rehydration solutions containing glutamine.
PubMed:Fermentation and sensory characteristics of kimchi containing potassium chloride as a partial replacement for sodium chloride.
PubMed:Thallium poisoning from maliciously contaminated food.
PubMed:Community-based prevention of stroke: nutritional improvement in Japan.
PubMed:Protein-enrichment of wheat bran using Aspergillus terreus.
PubMed:Comparative efficacy of rice-based and glucose-based oral rehydration salts plus early reintroduction of food.
PubMed:Treatment of malnutrition in refugee camps.
PubMed:Sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and virulence in Listeria monocytogenes.
PubMed:Lack of potassium-anion interaction in diet selection by captive meadow voles.
PubMed:K(+)-stimulated neuropeptide Y release into the paraventricular nucleus and relation to feeding behavior in free-moving rats.
PubMed:Retention of ascorbic acid in pickles--effect of different spices and salt (an in vitro study).
PubMed:Rapid renal potassium adaptation in rats.
PubMed:[Management of malnourished children. Cases from the Protestant Hospital of Dabou].
PubMed:Neuropeptide Y release is elevated from the microdissected paraventricular nucleus of food-deprived rats: an in vitro study.
PubMed:Water intake during chronic preoptic infusions of osmotically active or inert solutions.
PubMed:The effect of potassium on the uptake of 137Cs in food crops grown on coral soils: coconut at Bikini Atoll.
PubMed:Yersinia enterocolitica enteritis affects rabbit intestinal longitudinal smooth muscle function.
PubMed:Alanine-based oral rehydration therapy for infants with acute diarrhea.
PubMed:Strain dependent production of ciguatoxin precursors (gambiertoxins) by Gambierdiscus toxicus (Dinophyceae) in culture.
PubMed:[Mycotoxins in enzyme preparations. Part II. Method of detection and determination of sterigmatocystin].
PubMed:Naming and identification of tastes in aqueous solutions.
PubMed:Practical management of diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar coma.
PubMed:Effects of infused glucose, sodium and potassium chlorides and polyphosphates on palatability of hot-boned pork.
PubMed:Plasma electrolyte concentration in food-deprived goats orally supplemented with potassium chloride.
PubMed:ATP:citrate lyase of Rhodotorula gracilis: purification and properties.
PubMed:Food-based solutions are a viable alternative to glucose-electrolyte solutions for oral hydration in acute diarrhoea--studies in a rat model of secretory diarrhoea.
PubMed:Potassium inhibition of DMH-induced small intestinal tumors in rats.
PubMed:Oral KCl dietary supplement extends survivability of dogs with Heidenhain pouch gastric fistulas.
PubMed:Comparison of daily diets containing 400 kcal (1.67 MJ) of either protein or glucose, and their effects on the response to subsequent total fasting in obese subjects.
PubMed:[The salt appetite of rats with spontaneous arterial hypertension].
PubMed:Effect of intraruminal addition of potassium chloride during food deprivation in goats.
PubMed:[The detoxication and rehydration effect of oral rehydration therapy in acute intestinal infection].
PubMed:Na deficiency and other physiological influences on voluntary Na intake of BALB/c mice.
PubMed:Evaluation of the oral toxicity of potassium nitrite in a 13-week drinking-water study in rats.
PubMed:Properties of light and heavy vesicles simultaneously prepared from hog gastric mucosae.
PubMed:Influence of dietary electrolyte balance, source of added potassium and anticoccidial agents on the performance of male broilers.
PubMed:Increased food intake in children treated with puffed rice based ORS.
PubMed:Food additives and plant components control growth and aflatoxin production by toxigenic aspergilli: a review.
PubMed:Moderate potassium supplementation: ineffective in black normotensives.
PubMed:Increasing dietary salt alters salt taste preference.
PubMed:Rapid screening method for detection of deoxynivalenol.
PubMed:Liquid chromatographic determination of thiamine in infant formula products by using ultraviolet detection.
PubMed:Responses of the isolated perfused mesenteric vasculature from diabetic rats: the significance of appropriate control tissues.
PubMed:Development of a basal diet to study broiler chicken responses to the sulfur-containing amino acids and sodium sulfate.
PubMed:Production and physiological responses of dairy cows to varying dietary potassium during heat stress.
PubMed:Behavioral and neural gustatory responses in rabbit.
PubMed:Longitudinal study of salt preferences in normotensive and hypertensive rats.
PubMed:Impaired baroreflex sensitivity in the aetiology of salt hypertension in the rabbit.
PubMed:Comparison of the action of cholinomimetics and pentagastrin on gastric secretion in dogs.
PubMed:Heat resistance, spore germination, and enterotoxigenicity of Clostridium perfringens.
PubMed:Effect of sodium chloride and potassium chloride on growth response of yeasts Saccharomyces uvarum and Kloeckera brevis to free vitamin B6.
PubMed:Acceptability in food of NaCl/KCl mixture.
PubMed:Peripheral vein complications in patients receiving amino acid/dextrose solutions.
PubMed:Managing diuretic-induced hypokalemia in ambulatory hypertensive patients.
PubMed:Gas-liquid chromatographic detection an determination of diacetyl tartaric acid ester of diglyceride in dairy and nondairy coffee cream powders.
PubMed:Sodium intake reduction in volunteer families by using a salt substitute and nutrition counselling.
PubMed:Metabolic alkalosis in identical twins receiving a low-chloride formula (pseudo-Bartter's syndrome).
PubMed:The dietary chloride deficiency syndrome.
PubMed:Sodium and potassium intake and blood pressure.
PubMed:Addition of potassium supplements to milk-based tube feeds.
PubMed:Potential interference by free fatty acids in the gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of rice bran for pesticide residues using electron capture, potassium chloride thermionic, and Hall electrolytic conductivity detectors.
PubMed:Renal response to potassium infusion in rats given lithium for prolonged time.
PubMed:[Effect of quartasol, trisol and hemodes on microcirculation in food poisoning].
PubMed:[Role of functional asymmetry of the cerebral hemispheres in organization of an instrumental alimentary conditioned reflex in cats].
PubMed:Food intake and rumen osmolality in sheep.
PubMed:When salt substitutes are required in low-sodium diets.
PubMed:Sodium and potassium intakes and excretions of normal men consuming sodium chloride or a 1:1 mixture of sodium and potassium chlorides.
PubMed:Thallium in salt substitutes: A possible health hazard.
PubMed:Cup and spoon rehydration of children with acute diarrhoea.
PubMed:Potassium requirement of the growing rat.
PubMed:Properties of spreading depression-induced consumatory behavior in rats.
PubMed:Growth of heat-injured Vibrio parahaemolyticus in media supplemented with various cations.
PubMed:High sodium-low potassium environment and hypertension.
PubMed:Effect of magnesium and some nutrients on the growth and nuclease formation of a moderate halophile, Micrococcus varians var. halophilus.
PubMed:An obligate osmophilic yeast from honey.
PubMed:Ingestion of potassium chloride and sodium chloride solutions by albino and hooded rats.
PubMed:[The role of the pallidum in regulating cortical activity].
PubMed:Salt and the development of essential hypertension.
PubMed:[Effectiveness of peroral and infusion methods of rehydration in salmonellosis].
PubMed:A simple method for estimation of thiamine in foods using base-exchange on sand instead of Decalso.
PubMed:The role of ACTH and adrenal glucocorticoids in the salt appetite of wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus (L)).
PubMed:A rapid turbidimetric method for the determination of the precipitation curves of carrageenans.
PubMed:Influence of temperature and salt concentration on the growth of a facultatively halophilic "Micrococcus" sp.
PubMed:Factors affecting L-alanine induced germination of Bacillus spores.
PubMed:Proceedings: The induction of testicular cysts in the chick by various dietary salts.
PubMed:The extraction of beef bones with water, dilute sodium hydroxide and dilute potassium chloride.
PubMed:The effect of lithium and related metal ions on the urinary excretion of 2-oxoglutarate and citrate in the rat.
PubMed:Novel diet preferences in potassium-deficient rats.
PubMed:Hormonal factors influencing salt appetite in pregnancy.
PubMed:Potassium chloride preference in normal, sodium- and sodium-potassium-deficient rats.
PubMed:Survival of Salmonella typhi in sea-water.
PubMed:Low-sodium pickle products for modified diets.
PubMed:Taste preference in the chicken (Gallus domesticus L.).
PubMed:Effect of potassium depletion on mineral appetite in the rat.
PubMed:Gustatory nerve discharge and preference behavior of penicillamine treated rats.
PubMed:Citric acid metabolism in the bovine rumen.
PubMed:Studies of the food intake of sheep at a single meal.
PubMed:The determination of thiamine in flour fortification mixtures.
PubMed:Sodium--potassium chloride mixtures as table salt.
PubMed:[Dependence of alkaline salt evaporation on the glowing temperature].
PubMed:Post-mortem glycolysis in skeletal muscle. The extent of glycolysis in diluted preparation of mammalian muscle.
PubMed:Effect of prolonged individual caging on toxicity parameters in rats.
PubMed:THE MPORTANCE OF NACL AND KCL IN FOOD FOR CENTRAL NERVOUS EXCITABILITY IN RATS.
 
Notes:
a white crystal or crystalline powder used in buffers; fertilizers; and explosives. it can be used to replenish electrolytes and restore water-electrolyte balance in treating hypokalemia. Added to food as a flavour enhancer, flavouring agent, nutrient supplement, pH control agent, stabiliser or thickener
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