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Category:antioxidants and preservatives
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | white to pale beige crystalline powder (est) |
| Assay: | 98.00 to 100.00
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | Yes |
| Melting Point: | 148.00 to 150.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Boiling Point: | 448.59 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
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| Flash Point: | 187.00 °F. TCC ( 86.11 °C. )
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| logP (o/w): | 1.800 |
| Shelf Life: | 12.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly. |
| Storage: | store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light. |
| Soluble in: |
| | alcohol | | | water, 4176 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | | | ether | | | propylene glycol | | | water, 3500 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) |
| Insoluble in: |
| | water |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor Strength:none |
| Odor Description:at 100.00 %. bland |
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| European information : |
| Most important hazard(s): | | Xn - Harmful. |
R 22 - Harmful if swallowed.
R 43 - May cause sensitisation by skin contact.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 24 - Avoid contact with skin.
S 37 - Wear suitable gloves.
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| Hazards identification |
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| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 2100 mg/kg
National Technical Information Service. Vol. PB245-441
oral-mouse LD50 1700 mg/kg
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. Vol. 54, Pg. 239, 1977.
oral-rabbit LD50 2750 mg/kg
National Technical Information Service. Vol. PB223-840
intraperitoneal-rat LD50 380 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES
Food Technology Vol. 2, Pg. 308, 1948.
oral-hamster LD50 2480 mg/kg
National Technical Information Service. Vol. PB223-840
unreported-rat LD50 2500 mg/kg
Voprosy Pitaniya. Problems of Nutrition. Vol. 25(6), Pg. 47, 1966.
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | antioxidants and preservatives |
| Recommendation for propyl gallate usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
| publication number: 3 |
| Click here to view publication 3 |
| | average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
| baked goods: | - | 0.97000 |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 0.08000 |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - |
| cheese: | - | - |
| chewing gum: | - | - |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - |
| egg products: | - | - |
| fats / oils: | - | - |
| fish products: | - | - |
| frozen dairy: | - | 0.05000 |
| fruit ices: | - | 0.05000 |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | 0.03000 |
| granulated sugar: | - | - |
| gravies: | - | - |
| hard candy: | - | 0.16000 |
| imitation dairy: | - | - |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
| jams / jellies: | - | - |
| meat products: | - | - |
| milk products: | - | - |
| nut products: | - | - |
| other grains: | - | - |
| poultry: | - | - |
| processed fruits: | - | - |
| processed vegetables: | - | - |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
| snack foods: | - | - |
| soft candy: | - | - |
| soups: | - | - |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - |
| sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| | benzoic acid, 3,4, 5-trihydroxy-, propyl ester | | | benzoic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxy-, propyl ester | | | gallate, propyl | | | gallic acid N-propyl ester | | | gallic acid propyl ester | | | gallic acid, N-propyl ester | | | gallic acid, propyl ester | | | nipagallin P | | | nipanox S 1 | | | pro gallin P | | | progallin P | | | propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate | | N- | propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate | | N- | propyl ester of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid | | N- | propyl galiate | | | propyl gallate FCC | | | propyl gallate NF | | | propyl gallate USP/NF/FCC | | | tenox p g | | | tenox PG | | 3,4,5- | trihydroxy-benzoic acid propyl ester | | 3,4,5- | trihydroxybenzene-1-propyl carboxylate | | 3,4,5- | trihydroxybenzene-1-propylcarboxylate | | 3,4,5- | trihydroxybenzoic acid n-propyl ester | | 3,4,5- | trihydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester | | 3,4,5- | trihydroxybenzoic acid, propyl ester |
Articles:
| Info:EVALUATION OF CERTAIN FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS |
| PubMed:Oxidative stability of cooked, frozen, reheated beef patties: effect of antioxidants. |
| PubMed:Effect of grape seed extract on oxidative, color and sensory stability of a pre-cooked, frozen, re-heated beef sausage model system. |
| PubMed:Frozen storage stability of antioxidant-treated raw restructured beef steaks made from mature cows. |
| PubMed:Optimization of the analysis of flavor volatile compounds by liquid-liquid microextraction (LLME). Application to the aroma analysis of melons, peaches, grapes, strawberries, and tomatoes. |
| PubMed:Properties of restructured beef steaks from forage- and grain-fed cattle as affected by antioxidant and flavoring agents. |
| PubMed:Production of tomato flavor volatiles from a crude enzyme preparation using a hollow-fiber reactor. |
| PubMed:Tannins and human health: a review. |
| PubMed:Alternative oxidase inhibitors as antiparasitic agents against scuticociliatosis. |
| PubMed:Sensitized chemiluminescence of 2-phenyl-4,5-di(2-furyl)-1H-imidazole/K3Fe(CN)6/propyl gallate system combining with solid-phase extraction for the determination of propyl gallate in edible oil. |
| PubMed:NOVEL TRENDS FOR USE OF MICROBIAL TANNASES. |
| PubMed:Development of new active packaging films coated with natural phenolic compounds to improve the oxidative stability of beef. |
| PubMed:Purification and characterization of peroxidase from avocado (Persea americana Mill, cv. Hass). |
| PubMed:Influence of antioxidant structure on local molecular mobility in amorphous sucrose. |
| PubMed:Geno- and cytotoxicity of propyl gallate food additive. |
| PubMed:Polar paradox revisited: analogous pairs of hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants in linoleic acid emulsion containing Cu(II). |
| PubMed:Identification of novel dietary phytochemicals inhibiting the efflux transporter breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2). |
| PubMed:Inhibitory effects of propyl gallate on tyrosinase and its application in controlling pericarp browning of harvested longan fruits. |
| PubMed:Increasing the applications of Crocus sativus flowers as natural antioxidants. |
| PubMed:Allergic contact stomatitis to dodecyl gallate? A review of the relevance of positive patch test results to gallates. |
| PubMed:Effects of emulsifier hydrophile-lipophile balance and emulsifier concentration on the distributions of gallic acid, propyl gallate, and α-tocopherol in corn oil emulsions. |
| PubMed:β-Carotene assay revisited. application to characterize and quantify antioxidant and prooxidant activities in a microplate. |
| PubMed:Utility of 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan for the spectrofluorimetric determination of butylated hydroxyanisole and propyl gallate in foodstuffs. |
| PubMed:Natural and synthetic antioxidant additives for improving the performance of new biolubricant formulations. |
| PubMed:Antioxidants modulate molecular mobility, oxygen permeability, and microstructure in zein films. |
| PubMed:Structure and function of the oxidation products of polyphenols and identification of potent lipoxygenase inhibitors from Fe-catalyzed oxidation of resveratrol. |
| PubMed:Determination of antioxidant additives in foodstuffs by direct measurement of gold nanoparticle formation using resonance light scattering detection. |
| PubMed:Cloud-point extraction and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of synthetic phenolic antioxidants in edible oils. |
| PubMed:Propyl gallate synthesis using acidophilic tannase and simultaneous production of tannase and gallic acid by marine Aspergillus awamori BTMFW032. |
| PubMed:Effect of grape seed extract on oxidative, color and sensory stability of a pre-cooked, frozen, re-heated beef sausage model system. |
| PubMed:The enhancement of propyl gallate-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells by a proteasome inhibitor MG132. |
| PubMed:Role of redox signaling regulation in propyl gallate-induced apoptosis of human leukemia cells. |
| PubMed:Determination of food grade antioxidants using microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography. |
| PubMed:Assessment of washing with antioxidant on the oxidative stability of fatty fish mince during processing and storage. |
| PubMed:Suitability of saturated aldehydes as lipid oxidation markers in washed turkey meat. |
| PubMed:Six edible wild fruits as potential antioxidant additives or nutritional supplements. |
| PubMed:Screening of phenolic antioxidants for their inhibitory activity against foodborne Staphylococcus aureus strains. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant activity of phenolic acids in lipid oxidation catalyzed by different prooxidants. |
| PubMed:Comparison of supplements to enhance recovery of heat-injured Salmonella from egg albumen. |
| PubMed:Propyl gallate inhibits the growth of HeLa cells via regulating intracellular GSH level. |
| PubMed:The effects of buthionine sulfoximine, diethyldithiocarbamate or 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole on propyl gallate-treated HeLa cells in relation to cell growth, reactive oxygen species and glutathione. |
| PubMed:Chemistry and in vitro antioxidant activity of volatile oil and oleoresins of black pepper (Piper nigrum). |
| PubMed:The anti-apoptotic effects of caspase inhibitors on propyl gallate-treated HeLa cells in relation to reactive oxygen species and glutathione levels. |
| PubMed:Lipoxygenase gene expression in ripening kiwifruit in relation to ethylene and aroma production. |
| PubMed:Relationships between free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity in foods. |
| PubMed:Effect of natural and synthetic antioxidants on the oxidative stability of cooked, frozen pork patties. |
| PubMed:Identification of xenoestrogens in food additives by an integrated in silico and in vitro approach. |
| PubMed:Effect of butylated hydroxytoluene, curcumin, propyl gallate and thiabendazole on cytochrome P450 forms in cultured human hepatocytes. |
| PubMed:Transcriptome analysis provides new insights into liver changes induced in the rat upon dietary administration of the food additives butylated hydroxytoluene, curcumin, propyl gallate and thiabendazole. |
| PubMed:Hydroxytyrosol prevents oxidative deterioration in foodstuffs rich in fish lipids. |
| PubMed:Final report on the amended safety assessment of Propyl Gallate. |
| PubMed:Positive rates to propyl gallate on patch testing: a change in trend. |
| PubMed:Gallic acid, a metabolite of the antioxidant propyl gallate, inhibits gap junctional intercellular communication via phosphorylation of connexin 43 and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase1/2 in rat liver epithelial cells. |
| PubMed:[Sensitization to gallates: review of 46 cases]. |
| PubMed:Allergen avoidance. Gallates. |
| PubMed:The efficacy of protective effects of tannic acid, gallic acid, ellagic acid, and propyl gallate against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and DNA damages in IMR-90 cells. |
| PubMed:Capillary electrophoresis-amperometric determination of antioxidant propyl gallate and butylated hydroxyanisole in foods. |
| PubMed:Effects of various plant polyphenols on bladder carcinogen benzidine-induced mutagenicity. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of occasional nonresponse of a washed cod mince model to hemoglobin (Hb)-mediated oxidation. |
| PubMed:Effect of molecular structure of phenolic families as hydroxycinnamic acids and catechins on their antioxidant effectiveness in minced fish muscle. |
| PubMed:Investigating the location of propyl gallate at surfaces and its chemical microenvironment by (1)H NMR. |
| PubMed:Inhibition of hemoglobin- and iron-promoted oxidation in fish microsomes by natural phenolics. |
| PubMed:Estrogenic potency of food-packaging-associated plasticizers and antioxidants as detected in ERalpha and ERbeta reporter gene cell lines. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant and modified atmosphere packaging prevention of discoloration in pork bones during retail display. |
| PubMed:Cellular and in vivo hepatotoxicity caused by green tea phenolic acids and catechins. |
| PubMed:Optimization of the analysis of flavor volatile compounds by liquid-liquid microextraction (LLME). Application to the aroma analysis of melons, peaches, grapes, strawberries, and tomatoes. |
| PubMed:Toxicogenomics concepts and applications to study hepatic effects of food additives and chemicals. |
| PubMed:In vitro effect of phenolic antioxidants on germination, growth and aflatoxin B accumulation by peanut Aspergillus section Flavi. |
| PubMed:Determination and confirmation of five phenolic antioxidants in foods by LC/MS and GC/MS. |
| PubMed:Model system for testing the efficacy of antioxidants in muscle foods. |
| PubMed:Alpha-tocopherol oxidation in fish muscle during chilling and frozen storage. |
| PubMed:Effects of tannic acid and its related compounds on food mutagens or hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA strands breaks in human lymphocytes. |
| PubMed:The use of chlorhexidine/n-propyl gallate as a urine preservative. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant capacity and lipophilic content of seaweeds collected from the Qingdao coastline. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant evaluation in dessert spices compared with common food additives. Influence of irradiation procedure. |
| PubMed:Properties of restructured beef steaks from forage- and grain-fed cattle as affected by antioxidant and flavoring agents. |
| PubMed:Hydrogen peroxide scavenging, antioxidant and anti-radical activity of some phenolic acids. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant activity of 3-dehydroshikimic acid in liposomes, emulsions, and bulk oil. |
| PubMed:Propyl gallate is a superoxide dismutase mimic and protects cultured lens epithelial cells from H2O2 insult. |
| PubMed:Sequestering ability of butylated hydroxytoluene, propyl gallate, resveratrol, and vitamins C and E against ABTS, DPPH, and hydroxyl free radicals in chemical and biological systems. |
| PubMed:Synthesis of antioxidant propyl gallate using tannase from Aspergillus niger van Teighem in nonaqueous media. |
| PubMed:Anti-Salmonella activity of alkyl gallates. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant activity of edible fungi (truffles and mushrooms): losses during industrial processing. |
| PubMed:[Simultaneous determination of five antioxidants in food by HPLC with fluorescence detection]. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant functions of selected allium thiosulfinates and S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine sulfoxides. |
| PubMed:Ability of surfactant micelles to alter the partitioning of phenolic antioxidants in oil-in-water emulsions. |
| PubMed:Promoting effects of combined antioxidant and sodium nitrite treatment on forestomach carcinogenesis in rats after initiation with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of the antioxidant properties of Mediterranean and tropical fruits compared with common food additives. |
| PubMed:Monoclonal antibody-directed analysis of benzo[a]pyrene metabolism in rat liver and extrahepatic tissues: effect of propyl and octyl gallate. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant properties of Mediterranean spices compared with common food additives. |
| PubMed:Effects of phenolic propyl esters on the oxidative stability of refined sunflower oil. |
| PubMed:Monoparameter sensors for the determination of the antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole and n-propyl gallate in foods and cosmetics by flow injection spectrophotometry. |
| PubMed:[Determination of antioxidants BHT,BHA and PG in food with high performance liquid chromatography]. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant activity of resveratrol compared with common food additives. |
| PubMed:Effect of dietary treatment with n-propyl gallate or vitamin E on the survival of mice exposed to phosgene. |
| PubMed:Activities of antioxidants are affected by colloidal properties of oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions and bulk oils. |
| PubMed:Inhibition of beta-carotene-15,15'-dioxygenase activity by dietary flavonoids. |
| PubMed:Effect of preservation techniques and food additives on staphylococcal thermonuclease. |
| PubMed:Antioxidants in food and food antioxidants. |
| PubMed:Inhibition of xanthine oxidase and suppression of intracellular reactive oxygen species in HL-60 cells by theaflavin-3,3'-digallate, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and propyl gallate. |
| PubMed:An analysis of the possibility for health implications of joint actions and interactions between food additives. |
| PubMed:Simultaneous stopped-flow determination of butylated hydroxyanisole and propyl gallate using a T-format luminescence spectrometer. |
| PubMed:Production of tomato flavor volatiles from a crude enzyme preparation using a hollow-fiber reactor. |
| PubMed:Multivariate analysis of superficial scald susceptibility on Granny Smith apples dipped with different postharvest treatments. |
| PubMed:Partitioning of selected antioxidants in mayonnaise. |
| PubMed:Phenolics: blocking agents for heterocyclic amine-induced carcinogenesis. |
| PubMed:Simultaneous determination of antioxidants, preservatives and sweeteners permitted as additives in food by mixed micellar electrokinetic chromatography. |
| PubMed:Mechanism of inhibition of tannic acid and related compounds on the growth of intestinal bacteria. |
| PubMed:Tannins and human health: a review. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant activity of gallates: an electrochemical study in aqueous media. |
| PubMed:Derivatives of gallic acid induce apoptosis in tumoral cell lines and inhibit lymphocyte proliferation. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Forty-sixth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. |
| PubMed:Butylated hydroxyanisole blocks the inhibitory effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha on collagen production in human dermal fibroblasts. |
| PubMed:Selective suppression of in vitro T-dependent humoral immunity by synthetic food additive antioxidants. |
| PubMed:Effect of deep-fat frying on fat oxidation in soybean oil. |
| PubMed:Antimicrobial action of some GRAS compounds against Vibrio vulnificus. |
| PubMed:Microbore liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection for the control of phenolic antioxidants in drugs and foods. |
| PubMed:Butylated hydroxyanisole specifically inhibits tumor necrosis factor-induced cytotoxicity and growth enhancement. |
| PubMed:An investigation of the antibacterial effect of carrot on Listeria monocytogenes. |
| PubMed:Protection by albumin against the pro-oxidant actions of phenolic dietary components. |
| PubMed:Shortcomings of current strategy for toxicity testing of food chemicals: antioxidants. |
| PubMed:An evaluation of the antioxidant and potential pro-oxidant properties of food additives and of trolox C, vitamin E and probucol. |
| PubMed:Effect of propylgallate on a dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol and calcium mixture. |
| PubMed:Liquid chromatographic determination of seven antioxidants in dry food. |
| PubMed:Improved method for determination of volatile nitrosamines in baby bottle rubber nipples and pacifiers. |
| PubMed:Effect of four synthetic antioxidants on the formation of ethylene from methional in rat liver microsomes. |
| PubMed:Detection of oxygen activation and determination of the activity of antioxidants towards reactive oxygen species by use of the chemiluminigenic probes luminol and lucigenin. |
| PubMed:Studies on antioxidants: their carcinogenic and modifying effects on chemical carcinogenesis. |
| PubMed:Intake of phenolic antioxidants from foods in Canada. |
| PubMed:Toxicology of gallates: a review and evaluation. |
| PubMed:Methodology for studying antioxidant activity and mechanisms of action of antioxidants. |
| PubMed:Metabolic aspects of antioxidants and preservatives. |
| PubMed:No evidence of carcinogenicity of D-mannitol and propyl gallate in F344 rats or B6C3F1 mice. |
| PubMed:Effect of phenolic antioxidants on microbial growth. |
| PubMed:Different efficiency of various synthetic antioxidants towards NADPH induced chemiluminescence in rat liver microsomes. |
| PubMed:Short-term pathological and proliferative effects of butylated hydroxyanisole and other phenolic antioxidants in the forestomach of Fischer 344 rats. |
| PubMed:Corn oil and its minor constituents as inhibitors of DMBA-induced chromosomal breaks in vivo. |
| PubMed:High performance liquid chromatographic determination of seven antioxidants in oil and lard: collaborative study. |
| PubMed:NTP Carcinogenesis Bioassay of Propyl Gallate (CAS No. 121-79-9) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Study). |
| PubMed:Influence of gallic acid esters on drug-metabolizing enzymes of rat liver. |
| PubMed:Increased sensitivity of heat-stressed Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to food-grade antioxidants. |
| PubMed:Drug-nitrite interactions in human saliva: effects of food constituents on carcinogenic N-nitrosamine formation. |
| PubMed:Modes of action of gallic acid in suppressing food intake of rats. |
| PubMed:Anticellular and immunosuppressive activities of foodborne phenolic compounds. |
| PubMed:Studies on liver microsomes of female rats fed purified diets varying in fat content and with and without propyl gallate. |
| PubMed:Radioprotecting effect of propylgalate and butylated hydroxyanisol. |
| PubMed:Enhancing and inhibiting effects of propyl gallate on carcinogen-induced mutagenesis. |
| PubMed:Effects of antioxidants on lipid peroxide formation in irradiated synthetic diets. |
| PubMed:Liquid chromatography with amperometric detection for determinging phenolic preservatives. |
| PubMed:High performance liquid chromatographic determination of nine phenolic antioxidants in oils, lards, and shortenings. |
| PubMed:Infantile methemoglobinemia caused by food additives. |
| PubMed:Cytogenetic activity of some common antioxidants and their interaction with x-rays. |
| PubMed:A rapid gas-liquid chromatographic method for the multi-determination of antioxidants in fats, oils and dried food products. |
| PubMed:Effect of butylated hydroxytoluene and other antioxidants on mouse lung metabolism. |
| PubMed:Rapid determination of butylated hydroxyanisole, tert- butylhydroquinone, and propyl gallate in edible oils by electron capture gas-liquid chromatography. |
| PubMed:Inhibition of nitrosamine formation in fried bacon by propyl gallate and L-ascorbyl palmitate. |
| PubMed:Fluorescence quenching of phenolic antioxidants and selective determination of propyl gallate. |
| PubMed:Long-term toxicity study of n-propyl gallate in mice. |
| PubMed:Peroxidation of subcellular organelles: formation of lipofuscinlike fluorescent pigments. |
| PubMed:The influence of propyl gallate and alpha-tocopherol on the survival time of rats during fasting. |
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antioxidant for foods, fats, oils, ethers, emulsions, waxes, and transformer oils. Antioxidant used in foods esp. animal fats and vegetable oils. Synergistic with other antioxidants such as Butylated hydroxyanisole DNB28-K and 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol HCH42-H. Esp. effective with polyunsaturated fats. Indirect food additive arising from paper or board packaging, adhesives and food contact polymers
Propyl gallate is an anti-oxidant. It protects against oxidation by hydrogen peroxide and oxygen free radicals, in a catalytic manner similar to superoxide dismutase.; Propyl gallate, or propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate is an ester formed by the condensation of gallic acid and propanol. It is an antioxidant added to foods containing oils and fats to prevent oxidation.[citation needed] As a food additive, it is used under the E number E310.
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3D/inchi