| Name: | thymus vulgaris l. |
| FDA internal no.: | 977052-36-0 |
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| FDA UNII: | Search |
Category:spices, other natural seasonings and flavorings
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor Type: herbal |
| thyme |
| Odor Description:at 100.00 %. thyme |
| Flavor Type: herbal |
| thyme |
| Taste Description: thyme |
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
| |
| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
|
Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | spices, other natural seasonings and flavorings |
| Recommendation for thyme usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
|
| |
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
| publication number: 3 |
| Click here to view publication 3 |
| | average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
| baked goods: | - | 550.00000 |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 13.00000 |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - |
| cheese: | - | - |
| chewing gum: | - | - |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - |
| egg products: | - | - |
| fats / oils: | - | - |
| fish products: | - | - |
| frozen dairy: | - | - |
| fruit ices: | - | - |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | - |
| granulated sugar: | - | - |
| gravies: | - | - |
| hard candy: | - | 5.00000 |
| imitation dairy: | - | - |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
| jams / jellies: | - | - |
| meat products: | - | 360.00000 |
| milk products: | - | - |
| nut products: | - | - |
| other grains: | - | - |
| poultry: | - | - |
| processed fruits: | - | - |
| processed vegetables: | - | - |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
| snack foods: | - | - |
| soft candy: | - | - |
| soups: | 500.00000 | 1000.00000 |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - |
| sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
| FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): | View |
| FDA Listing of Food Additive Status: | View |
| Wikipedia: | View |
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| | plant material derived from the dried, crushed leaves of the thyme, thymus vulgaris l., lamiaceae | | | thyme | | | thyme bulgaria organic | | | thyme whole or ground, available as 100% certified organic | | | thymus vulgaris leaf |
Articles:
| PubMed:Antimicrobial effect against different bacterial strains and bacterial adaptation to essential oils used as feed additives. |
| PubMed:Comparative inhibitory effects of Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and mesophilic starter co-culture in cheese-mimicking models. |
| PubMed:Anti-adhesion activity of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) extract, thyme post-distillation waste, and olive (Olea europea L.) leaf extract against Campylobacter jejuni on polystyrene and intestine epithelial cells. |
| PubMed:Enriching the drinking water of rats with extracts of Salvia officinalis and Thymus vulgaris increases their resistance to oxidative stress. |
| PubMed:Studies on Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Five Thymus vulgaris L. Essential Oils. |
| PubMed:Enhanced bactericidal effect of enterocin A in combination with thyme essential oils against L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157:H7. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of Natural Compounds of Plant Origin for Inactivation of Enteric Viruses. |
| PubMed:Herbs and spices: characterization and quantitation of biologically-active markers for routine quality control by multiple headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with separative or non-separative analysis. |
| PubMed:Enhancing stability of essential oils by microencapsulation for preservation of button mushroom during postharvest. |
| PubMed:Antifungal properties and inhibitory effects upon aflatoxin production of Thymus vulgaris L. by Aspergillus flavus Link. |
| PubMed:Extraction of thymol from different varieties of thyme plants using green solvents. |
| PubMed:Thymus vulgaris (thyme) inhibits proliferation, adhesion, migration, and invasion of human colorectal cancer cells. |
| PubMed:Occurrence of Stachybotrys chartarum chemotype S in dried culinary herbs. |
| PubMed:Screening for bioactive metabolites in plant extracts modulating glucose uptake and fat accumulation. |
| PubMed:Comparison of Soxhlet, accelerated solvent and supercritical fluid extraction techniques for volatile (GC-MS and GC/FID) and phenolic compounds (HPLC-ESI/MS/MS) from Lamiaceae species. |
| PubMed:Decoction, infusion and hydroalcoholic extract of cultivated thyme: antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and phenolic characterisation. |
| PubMed:Antibacterial and antibiotic-potentiation activities of some Cameroonian food plants against multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacteria. |
| PubMed:Dietary Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) supplementation to growing rabbits: effects on raw and cooked meat quality, nutrient true retention and oxidative stability. |
| PubMed:Effects of thyme as a feed additive in broiler chickens on thymol in gut contents, blood plasma, liver and muscle. |
| PubMed:Antibacterial activity against Clostridium genus and antiradical activity of the essential oils from different origin. |
| PubMed:Activity of Thymus vulgaris essential oil against Anisakis larvae. |
| PubMed:Essential oils of thyme and Rosemary in the control of Listeria monocytogenes in raw beef. |
| PubMed:Impact of shortwave ultraviolet (UV-C) radiation on the antioxidant activity of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). |
| PubMed:Prospective evaluation of potential toxicity of repeated doses of Thymus vulgaris L. extracts in rats by means of clinical chemistry, histopathology and NMR-based metabonomic approach. |
| PubMed:Prolonging storage time of baby ginger by using a sand-based storage medium and essential oil treatment. |
| PubMed:The polyphenolic content of common lamiaceae species available as herbal tea products in Romanian pharmacies. |
| PubMed:Thymus vulgaris essential oil: chemical composition and antimicrobial activity. |
| PubMed:Identification and characterization of dimeric oxidation products of p-cymene-2,3-diol isolated from Thymus vulgaris L. |
| PubMed:The effect of vacuum packaging, EDTA, oregano and thyme oils on the microbiological quality of chicken's breast. |
| PubMed:Effects of Salvia officinalis and Thymus vulgaris on oxidant-induced DNA damage and antioxidant status in HepG2 cells. |
| PubMed:Cytotoxic impact of phenolics from Lamiaceae species on human breast cancer cells. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant and anti-glycation activities correlates with phenolic composition of tropical medicinal herbs. |
| PubMed:Modelling drying kinetics of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.): theoretical and empirical models, and neural networks. |
| PubMed:The evaluation of a fast and simple pesticide multiresidue method in various herbs by gas chromatography. |
| PubMed:Efficacy of plant essential oils on postharvest control of rots caused by fungi on different stone fruits in vivo. |
| PubMed:The enhancement of antioxidant compounds extracted from Thymus vulgaris using enzymes and the effect of extracting solvent. |
| PubMed:Assessment of inhibitory potential of essential oils on natural mycoflora and Fusarium mycotoxins production in wheat. |
| PubMed:Relationship between total phenolic content, antioxidant potential, and antiglycation abilities of common culinary herbs and spices. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of the control ability of five essential oils against Aspergillus section Nigri growth and ochratoxin A accumulation in peanut meal extract agar conditioned at different water activities levels. |
| PubMed:Effects of temperature and time on polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity in the pressurized hot water extraction of deodorized thyme (Thymus vulgaris). |
| PubMed:Chemical composition, olfactory analysis and antibacterial activity of Thymus vulgaris chemotypes geraniol, 4-thujanol/terpinen-4-ol, thymol and linalool cultivated in southern France. |
| PubMed:Repellency of essential oils to Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) as affected by type of oil and polymer release. |
| PubMed:Effects of Thymol and Carvacrol, Constituents of Thymus vulgaris L. Essential Oil, on the Inflammatory Response. |
| PubMed:The effects of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) essential oils on Brochothrix thermosphacta and on the shelf life of beef packaged in high-oxygen modified atmosphere. |
| PubMed:Antioxidative effect of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) in sunflower oil. |
| PubMed:The effects of kale (Brassica oleracea ssp. acephala), basil (Ocimum basilicum) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) as forage material in organic egg production on egg quality. |
| PubMed:In vitro inhibitory activity of essential oil vapors against Ascosphaera apis. |
| PubMed:Comparative study of rosmarinic acid content in some plants of Labiatae family. |
| PubMed:An investigation on characteristics of rainbow trout coated using chitosan assisted with thyme essential oil. |
| PubMed:Antimicrobial activity of food-compatible plant extracts and chitosan against naturally occurring micro-organisms in tomato juice. |
| PubMed:Traditional knowledge of medicinal plants in the Serra de Mariola Natural Park, South-Eastern Spain. |
| PubMed:The antimicrobial activity of essential oils and extracts of some medicinal plants grown in Ash-shoubak region - South of Jordan. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of essential oils for maintaining postharvest quality of Thompson seedless table grape. |
| PubMed:Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effect of carvacrol on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG-2. |
| PubMed:Application of response surface methodology to optimize pressurized liquid extraction of antioxidant compounds from sage (Salvia officinalis L.), basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). |
| PubMed:Antioxidant properties of Thymus vulgaris oil against aflatoxin-induce oxidative stress in male rats. |
| PubMed:Antimicrobial activity of plant essential oils against bacterial and fungal species involved in food poisoning and/or food decay. |
| PubMed:Herbicidal activity of volatiles from coriander, winter savory, cotton lavender, and thyme isolated by hydrodistillation and supercritical fluid extraction. |
| PubMed:An attempt of postharvest orange fruit rot control using essential oils from Mediterranean plants. |
| PubMed:Biodegradable gelatin-chitosan films incorporated with essential oils as antimicrobial agents for fish preservation. |
| PubMed:Chemical composition and antioxidant and anti-Listeria activities of essential oils obtained from some Egyptian plants. |
| PubMed:Inhibition of growth and caseinase production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli 28 by combination of low pH and NaCl, potassium sorbate or Thymus vulgaris extract. |
| PubMed:Anthelmintic effects of phytogenic feed additives in Ascaris suum inoculated pigs. |
| PubMed:Influence of growth regulators in biomass production and volatile profile of in vitro plantlets of Thymus vulgaris L. |
| PubMed:Effects of water extracts of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on alcohol abuse. |
| PubMed:Food preservative potential of essential oils and fractions from Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum and Thymus vulgaris against mycotoxigenic fungi. |
| PubMed:Chemical composition of essential oils of Thymus and Mentha species and their antifungal activities. |
| PubMed:Comparison of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation withthe traditional hydrodistillation method in the extractionof essential oils from Thymus vulgaris L. |
| PubMed:Antioxidative properties of Thymus vulgaris leaves: comparison of different extracts and essential oil chemotypes. |
| PubMed:Antibacterial efficiency of Spanish Satureja montana essential oil against Listeria monocytogenes among natural flora in minced pork. |
| PubMed:Acaricidal activity of Thymus vulgaris oil and its main components against Tyrophagus putrescentiae, a stored food mite. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of antibacterial activity of selected Iranian essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in nutrient broth medium. |
| PubMed:Effect of gamma and e-beam radiation on the essential oils of Thymus vulgaris thymoliferum, Eucalyptus radiata, and Lavandula angustifolia. |
| PubMed:Vapor-phase activities of cinnamon, thyme, and oregano essential oils and key constituents against foodborne microorganisms. |
| PubMed:The effects of essential oils and aqueous tea infusions of oregano (Origanum vulgare L. spp. hirtum), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) on the copper-induced oxidation of human low-density lipoproteins. |
| PubMed:Enhancing the retention of phytochemicals and organoleptic attributes in muscadine grape juice through a combined approach between dense phase CO2 processing and copigmentation. |
| PubMed:Antimicrobial effects of selected plant essential oils on the growth of a Pseudomonas putida strain isolated from meat. |
| PubMed:Testing of the palatability of Thymus vulgaris L. and Origanum vulgare L. as flavouring feed additive for weaner pigs on the basis of a choice experiment. |
| PubMed:Characterization of the volatile composition of essential oils of some lamiaceae spices and the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the entire oils. |
| PubMed:A chemical polymorphism in a multitrophic setting: thyme monoterpene composition and food web structure. |
| PubMed:Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) leaves and its constituents increase the activities of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in mouse liver. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant capacity of some herbs/spices from cameroon: a comparative study of two methods. |
| PubMed:Respiratory effects of exposure to dust from herbs. |
| PubMed:Volatile components and key odorants of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) oil extracts obtained by simultaneous distillation-extraction and supercritical fluid extraction. |
| PubMed:RP-HPLC analysis of the phenolic compounds of plant extracts. investigation of their antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of five essential oils from aromatic plants of Cameroon for controlling food spoilage and mycotoxin producing fungi. |
| PubMed:In vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oils from aromatic plants against selected foodborne pathogens. |
| PubMed:Composition and functional properties of the essential oil of amazonian basil, Ocimum micranthum Willd., Labiatae in comparison with commercial essential oils. |
| PubMed:Influence of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield and composition of thyme (Thymus vulgaris). |
| PubMed:Essential oils from Mediterranean lamiaceae as weed germination inhibitors. |
| PubMed:Effects of herbal essential oils used to extend the shelf life of freshwater-reared Asian sea bass fish (Lates calcarifer). |
| PubMed:Antibacterial activity of selected plant essential oils against Escherichia coli O157:H7. |
| PubMed:Human platelet aggregation inhibitors from thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). |
| PubMed:Antioxidant activity of chemical components from sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) measured by the oil stability index method. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in selected herbs. |
| PubMed:Correlation between the chemical and genetic relationships among commercial thyme cultivars. |
| PubMed:Acute, sublethal, antifeedant, and synergistic effects of monoterpenoid essential oil compounds on the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Lep., Noctuidae). |
| PubMed:Phenolic antioxidants from herbs and spices. |
| PubMed:Inhibition of Aeromonas caviae and A. sobria by sodium choloride, citric acid, ascorbic acid, potassium sorbate and extracts of Thymus vulgaris. |
| PubMed:GC-MS analysis of essential oils from some Greek aromatic plants and their fungitoxicity on Penicillium digitatum. |
| PubMed:Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. |
| PubMed:Azo dye-mediated regulation of total phenolics and peroxidase activity in thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) clonal lines. |
| PubMed:Acetophenone glycosides from thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). |
| PubMed:Antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Thymus vulgaris L. measured using a bioimpedometric method. |
| PubMed:Food-borne pathogens, health and role of dietary phytochemicals. |
| PubMed:Control of Aspergillus flavus in maize with plant essential oils and their components. |
| PubMed:Labiatae allergy: systemic reactions due to ingestion of oregano and thyme. |
|